The era of Ancient Greece, famous for its philosophers, sculptors and architects, cannot be imagined without the close unity of man and the environment. Lush oases, elegant alleys, and numerous paths of vast parks were essential to Greek culture. It was in the shade of olive trees, and the fragrance of flowers that great ideas were born, and the wise speeches of philosophers found their grateful listeners. Let’s look into the depths of the centuries and find out what these fragrant oases were like.
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Gardens and Parks of Ancient Hellas: from Philosophical Conversations to Public Amusements
Ancient Greece, being the cradle of philosophy and democracy, was famous for its majestic buildings and beautiful sculptures and its unique green spaces harmoniously integrated into the urban landscape. Green oases were not just a decorative element but an integral part of the social and personal life of the Greeks, reflecting their desire for harmony with nature and the development of the mind.
The Greek way of life, based on active pastime in the fresh air, made gardens an ideal place for physical and spiritual development. They surrounded amphitheatres and stadiums, complementing architectural ensembles and creating an atmosphere favourable for sports and intellectual conversations. The layout of Greek gardens was free and natural, and strict geometry and lines’ clarity were not considered. The main thing was to create a cosy and harmonious corner for relaxation.
The variety of functions of Greek gardens is simply amazing. Sacred groves dedicated to the heroes of local myths and legends were places of worship and contemplation. Philosophical gardens served as venues for classes, lectures, and discussions, where the great minds of Hellas shared their thoughts with students. The streets of the cities were dotted with lush alleys, allowing you to cool off on especially hot days.
A variety of majestic trees, lush bushes, and colourful and fragrant flowers were used in decorating the areas, creating a rich and shady atmosphere. Multi-level terraces, strewn with a variety of flora, were a distinctive feature of Hellenic garden art. Fountains and sculptures, emphasizing nature’s beauty and the creators’ artistic taste, were indispensable elements.
Over time, the groves were transformed into recreation areas, where straight paths and areas were adapted for sports activities. However, by the beginning of the 1st century BC, the gardens gradually began to lose their original purpose, turning into places primarily for relaxation. Conquests and the influence of Eastern culture led to changes in garden art, reflecting the change of eras and cultural values.